= - < > _ ^ # + ! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . a b d o x X f F e E g G| Format
Chars |
Equivalent std ostream manip or method() | Notes |
Examples |
Output |
| Alignment | arg: |
-70 |
||
| n |
width(n) | n is integer > 0, otherwise
it is fill char |
%10s |
-70 |
| - or < |
left | Alignment
is active only when width has been specified and is larger than width
of entity being printed. Internal makes a difference only if extra info is specified or, if not, for negative numbers |
%-10s
%<10s |
-70 |
| _ |
internal | %_10s |
-
70 |
|
| > |
right | %>10s |
-70 |
|
| = | n/a | Center | %=10s | -70 |
| ^ | n/a | Let stream choose alignment | %^10s | -70 |
| c | fill(c) |
c is ASCII printable charcter Fill spaces with c. For one of the format chars, escape it ('\\') |
%*_10s |
-****70 |
| !c |
fill(c) |
c is any one of the format chars | %_!_10s |
-____70 |
| Extra info | arg: |
8 |
||
| # |
showbase |
When representing integers:
prepends 0x for hexadecimal values (see x and X), 0
for octal values (see o) (and nothing for decimal values) |
%#xs %#os |
0x8 08 |
| showpoint |
When representing floating-point
values: always show the decimal point
(e.g. even if specified precision is 0, in fixed notation) |
%#f.0s |
8. (if arg is 8.0) |
|
| + |
showpos | Insert plus sign (+) before every non-negative value | %+s |
+8 |
| Integer format | arg: |
1 |
||
| a | boolalpha | Print "true" and "false" instead of 0 and 1 | %bs | 1 |
| b |
noboolalpha | Print 0 or 1 for bool (default) |
%bs |
true |
| d |
dec |
Represent integers in base 10 |
%ds |
1 |
| o |
oct |
Represent integers in base 8 |
%os |
01 |
| x |
hex |
Represent integers in base 16 |
%xs |
0x1 |
| X |
x + uppercase |
Will print 0X instead of 0x if #
used |
%Xs |
0X1 |
| Floating point format | arg: |
12.34 |
||
| f |
fixed |
Represent floating point values
in fixed notation (i.e. no exponents) |
%fs |
12.34 |
| e |
scientific | %es |
1.234e1 |
|
| E |
e + uppercase | %Es |
1.234E1 | |
| g |
best of fixed or scientific |
This is the default |
%gs |
12.34 |
| G |
g + uppercase | %Gs |
12.34 |
|
| .N |
precision() | N is an integer >= 0 if f, e, or E: N is number of digits desried after decimal point; if g or G: N is number of significant digits |
%.1fs %.1Es |
12.3 1.2E1 |